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Complex Plane Plotter

The Complex Plane (Argand Diagram)

The complex plane, also called the Argand diagram, maps every complex number z = a + bi to a point (a, b) in two dimensions. The horizontal axis represents the real part and the vertical axis represents the imaginary part. This visual representation makes geometric interpretations of complex operations immediate and intuitive.

Real component a in z₁ = a + bi

Imaginary component b in z₁ = a + bi

Real component c in z₂ = c + di

Imaginary component d in z₂ = c + di

Try an Example

Pick a scenario to see how the calculator works, then adjust the values

Signal Addition

Add two phasor signals in complex form to find the resultant.

Key values: z₁ = 3 + 4i · z₂ = 1 − 2i · Addition

Circuit Impedance

Divide two impedances to compute the transfer ratio.

Key values: z₁ = 3 + 4i · z₂ = 1 + 2i · Division

De Moivre Power

Raise a complex number to the 10th power using De Moivre's theorem.

Key values: z₁ = 1 + i · n = 10 · Power

Cube Roots of −8

Find all three cube roots of −8, visualized as equidistant points on a circle.

Key values: z₁ = −8 + 0i · n = 3 · nth Root

Documentation

This calculator is also known as Complex Plane Plotter.

Read the complete guide

What Is the Argand Diagram?

The Argand diagram is a coordinate system where the x-axis represents real numbers and the y-axis represents imaginary numbers. Each complex number z = a + bi corresponds to the point (a, b). Operations like addition become vector addition, multiplication becomes rotation and scaling, and conjugation becomes reflection across the real axis.

Examples

Plotting 3 + 4i

Visualize the complex number 3 + 4i on the Argand diagram.

The point (3, 4) is plotted. Its distance from the origin is |z| = 5 (the modulus), and the angle from the positive real axis is about 53.13°.

Key takeaway: The modulus is the distance from the origin, and the argument is the angle — these are the polar coordinates of the point.

Visualizing Complex Operations

Use geometric intuition to understand operations:

  • Addition: translate one vector by the other (parallelogram rule)
  • Multiplication: scale by the modulus and rotate by the argument
  • Conjugation: reflect the point across the real axis

Frequently Asked Questions about Complex Plane Plotter

Why is it called the Argand diagram?

It is named after Jean-Robert Argand, who published the geometric interpretation of complex numbers in 1806, though Caspar Wessel described it earlier in 1799.

How does multiplication look on the Argand diagram?

Multiplying by z = r∠θ scales every point by r and rotates it by θ counterclockwise. For example, multiplying by i rotates 90° counterclockwise.

Specialized Calculators

Choose from 11 specialized versions of this calculator, each optimized for specific use cases and calculation methods.

Operation

11 Calculators
add
Complex Number Addition Calculator | Add Complex Numbers Online
Add two complex numbers with step-by-step results in rectangular and polar form.
additionbinaryvector-sum
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subtract
Complex Number Subtraction Calculator | Subtract Complex Numbers
Subtract two complex numbers with results in rectangular and polar form.
subtractionbinary
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multiply
Complex Number Multiplication Calculator | Multiply Complex Numbers
Multiply complex numbers using FOIL or polar form. See the rotation and scaling on the complex plane.
multiplicationrotationscaling
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divide
Complex Division Calculator | Divide Complex Numbers Step-by-Step
Divide complex numbers by multiplying by the conjugate. See the step-by-step rationalization.
divisionconjugaterationalize
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modulus
Complex Number Modulus Calculator | Absolute Value of Complex Number
Calculate the modulus (absolute value) |z| of any complex number.
modulusabsolute-valuemagnitude
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argument
Complex Number Argument Calculator | Phase Angle Calculator
Calculate the principal argument (phase angle) of any complex number using atan2.
argumentphaseangle+1
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conjugate
Complex Conjugate Calculator | Find the Conjugate of a Complex Number
Compute the complex conjugate and see the reflection on the Argand diagram.
conjugatereflection
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power
De Moivre's Theorem Calculator | Complex Number Powers
Compute z^n for any integer n using De Moivre's theorem with polar form.
powerde-moivreexponent
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nthRoot
nth Root of Complex Number Calculator | Find All Roots
Find all n distinct nth roots of a complex number, displayed as equally-spaced points on a circle.
nth-rootroots-of-unityroot-circle
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modulus
Complex Number Converter | Rectangular to Polar Form
Convert complex numbers between rectangular (a+bi) and polar (r\u2220\u03b8) form with step-by-step work.
converterrectangular-to-polarpolar-to-rectangular
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add
Phasor Calculator | AC Circuit Impedance Calculator
Perform phasor arithmetic for AC circuit analysis. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide impedances.
phasorimpedanceengineering+1
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