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Linear Equations Calculator

Solve Systems of Linear Equations

This linear equations calculator bridges single-equation solving and full systems. Enter a system of 2 or 3 linear equations and get the complete solution with determinant, rank analysis, and step-by-step working. Ideal for students progressing from basic algebra to linear algebra and matrix theory.

System Configuration

Number of equations and unknowns

Algorithm used for solving and step display

Equation 1

a₁₁x + a₁₂y = b₁

Equation 2

a₂₁x + a₂₂y = b₂

Quick Tips

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Try an Example

Pick a scenario to see how the calculator works, then adjust the values

Simple 2x2 System

Solve 2x + 3y = 7 and x - y = 1 using Gaussian elimination

Key values: 2×2 system · Unique solution · x=2, y=1

3x3 Engineering System

Solve a 3-variable system commonly found in circuit analysis

Key values: 3×3 system · Cramer's Rule · 3 unknowns

Parallel Lines (No Solution)

Explore what happens when two equations have no intersection

Key values: 2×2 system · Inconsistent · No solution

Documentation

This calculator is also known as Linear Equations Calculator.

Read the complete guide

From Single Equations to Systems

A single linear equation (e.g., 3x + 2 = 8) has one unknown and one solution. A system of linear equations has multiple unknowns and requires as many independent equations as unknowns for a unique solution. The Rouche-Capelli theorem provides the classification framework.

Examples

Chemistry: Mixture Problem

Mix a 20% acid solution and a 50% acid solution to make 300 mL of 30% acid. How much of each?

x + y = 300 (total volume) and 0.2x + 0.5y = 90 (total acid). Solving: x = 200 mL of 20% solution, y = 100 mL of 50% solution.

Key takeaway: Mixture problems always produce a 2x2 system: one equation for quantity, one for concentration.

Understanding Linear Systems

Key concepts for linear equations:

  • A system needs at least as many independent equations as unknowns for a unique solution
  • The determinant tells you immediately whether a unique solution exists (det != 0)
  • Rank analysis via Rouche-Capelli provides the full classification
  • Parametric solutions express dependent variables in terms of free variables

Frequently Asked Questions about Linear Equations Calculator

What is the Rouche-Capelli theorem?

The Rouche-Capelli theorem states that a system Ax = b has a solution if and only if rank(A) = rank([A|b]). If rank(A) = rank([A|b]) = n (number of unknowns), the solution is unique. If rank(A) = rank([A|b]) < n, there are infinitely many solutions.

Why does the calculator show a condition number warning?

A high condition number (> 10^10) means the system is ill-conditioned: tiny changes in coefficients cause large changes in the solution. This is a numerical stability warning, not an error.

Can I solve systems with more than 3 equations?

This calculator supports 2x2 and 3x3 systems. For larger systems, consider a dedicated matrix calculator or a computer algebra system.

Specialized Calculators

Choose from 4 specialized versions of this calculator, each optimized for specific use cases and calculation methods.

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